GG News Bureau
New Delhi, 18th Oct. The Lady of Justice, a symbol of fairness, represents the philosophical principle that justice is for everyone, and that all are equal before the law. This icon has adorned courts and legal institutions in India and across the globe for centuries. Traditionally depicted with a blindfold, scales in one hand, and a sword in the other, this emblematic figure has recently undergone a transformation in India—her blindfold has been removed, and the sword replaced by the Constitution. This change signifies a shift in how justice is perceived and delivered in the country.
History of the Lady of Justice
The origins of the Lady of Justice date back thousands of years, rooted in ancient Greek and Egyptian civilizations. Her concept is believed to be derived from the Egyptian goddess Ma’at, who symbolized truth and order. In Greek mythology, the figures of Themis and her daughter Dike (also known as Astraea) were revered as symbols of divine law. Dike, often depicted with scales, was thought to preside over human laws. The Romans later adopted this concept, naming their goddess of justice Justitia. While Themis represented law and order in Greek civilization, Ma’at embodied similar principles in Roman society.
The Greek Influence on Justice Symbols
Greek civilization, one of the world’s oldest, was known for its belief in the divine presence in all aspects of life. They worshipped numerous deities, each overseeing various aspects of existence, from agriculture to music. Justice, too, was imagined through a divine lens, and this philosophical approach led to the creation of a symbol that would be embraced worldwide.
During the Renaissance in Europe, Lady Justice became a potent symbol of law and fairness. As new republics emerged, she represented justice and order for citizens, balancing the divine right of kings with the democratic principles of equality and impartiality.
Global Presence of the Lady of Justice
Artwork, sculptures, and paintings depicting the Lady of Justice are found across the world, from North and South America to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Her presence is prominent in courthouses, legal institutions, and academic centers, symbolizing the pursuit of fairness.
Arrival in India
The Lady of Justice made her way from Greek civilization to Europe and then to India, brought by a British officer during the colonial era in the 17th century. By the 18th century, the British judicial system began using her symbol publicly in India. After independence, the Lady of Justice became a part of India’s democratic values and legal traditions.
Symbols of Lady Justice
- Scales: Representing fairness and the weighing of evidence, the scales indicate that each side of a legal matter should be considered equally.
- Sword: A symbol of power and authority, the sword indicates that justice is not only fair but also capable of enforcing decisions. Its double-edged blade suggests that justice can cut both ways, protecting the innocent and punishing the guilty.
- Blindfold: Introduced in the 16th century, the blindfold signifies impartiality, suggesting that justice is not swayed by status, wealth, or influence.
Changes in India’s Representation of Lady Justice
India has now made changes to the traditional image of the Lady of Justice. The blindfold has been removed, symbolizing that the law is no longer “blind.” Her sword has been replaced by the Constitution, emphasizing that justice is guided by democratic principles rather than mere retribution. This change by the judiciary is a departure from colonial traditions and sends a message that justice in India is now more transparent and grounded in constitutional values.
This shift reflects a broader evolution in India’s legal system, emphasizing accountability and the rule of law, with a focus on fairness and the protection of constitutional rights.
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